6 is a flow diagram illustrating a method of transmitting synchronized timing according to certain embodiments; FIG. In some embodiments, method 700 includes the steps of multiplying the received signal by a stored replica of the appropriate PRBS code contained within a memory, and then integrating, or filtering, the product in order to obtain an indication of the presence of the signal. According to certain embodiments, an internal clock is adjusted in small amounts in order to maintain a high correlation (synchronized) output.

For example, the carrier signal may have a frequency in the range of 88 to 108 MHz. System 800 includes one or more transmitting devices 802, one or more receiving devices 804, TWFTFT module 806, GNSS reference module 810, and time interval counter tester 812. In certain embodiments, phase and ducting compensation are added to the signal to improve signal quality. The frequencies at each node in the communication system have to be maintained more closely, more accurately, and with less drift in order to push data rates higher. TWFTFT module 322 generates reference time signals and reference frequency signals and transmits the signals to receiver 302. Described herein are systems, methods, and devices for transmitting timing information independent of GNSS (e.g., GPS).

1A, critical infrastructure such as power grid systems, transportation systems, banking operations, and communications systems all depend on GPS time reference. This process is termed a “correlation” operation. According to certain embodiments, clock 310 is a rubidium clock. According to certain embodiments, receiver 402 intercepts radio frequency signals by way of antenna 412 that is coupled to a front end of receiver 402.

Furthermore, threats to GNSS such as loss of signal, GNSS jamming, and GNSS spoofing do not affect the timing information generated and provided to the critical infrastructure locations.

According to certain embodiments a message is composed includes the timing information derived from the disciplined clock. According to certain embodiments, a system comprises a transmitting unit comprising a first receiver, a first transmitter, one or more first processors, first memory, and one or more first programs, wherein the one or more first programs are stored in the first memory and configured to be executed by the one or more first processors, the first programs including instructions for receiving through the first receiver a first timing signal comprising first time information that is synchronized to a time standard, determining second time information based at least partially on the first time information, composing a message formatted in accordance with a GNSS standard, wherein the message comprises the second time information, and transmitting the message through the first transmitter on a radio signal having a frequency in an FM radio frequency band, and a receiving unit comprising a second receiver, a second transmitter, one or more second processors, second memory, and one or more second programs, wherein the one or more second programs are stored in the second memory and configured to be executed by the one or more second processors, the second programs including instructions for receiving through the second receiver the radio signal, extracting the second time information from the message transmitted on the radio signal, determining third time information based at least partially on the second time information, wherein the third time information is synchronized to the time standard, generating a second timing signal based at least partially on the third time information, and transmitting the second timing signal through the second transmitter. endstream endobj 53 0 obj <> endobj 54 0 obj <> endobj 55 0 obj <>stream

According to certain embodiments, method 700 includes the step of down-converting the radio signal using a local oscillator, such as clock 408 in FIG. Such changes and modifications are to be understood as being included within the scope of the disclosure and examples as defined by the claims. AIR JET KIT AIR KIT 1, AIR KIT 2 Features: 750 Watt blower motor operates system 300 Watt air heater warms air System powered by 120V 16 brass air jets placed in bottom of tub, https://www.homeperfect.com/barclay-atsn65-wh-lydia-acrylic-slipper-tub-65-inches-no-holes-no-overflow-in-white.html, Buy Barclay ATSN65-WH Lydia Acrylic Slipper Tub 65 Inches No Holes No Overflow in White, ATSN65-WH, https://www.tubz.com/barclay-tubs/acrylic/lydia-slipper-bath.htm.

System Configuration Files …

In certain embodiments, transfer of accurate timing between the ground-based reference station 210 and transmitting unit 202 using TWFTFT enables transmitting unit 202 to be up to 16 kilometers away from ground-based reference station 210 while maintaining high accuracy to the time standard. Cost-optimized lowest power mid-range FPGAs; 250 Mbps to 12.7 Gbps transceivers; 100K to 500K LE, up to 33 Mbits of RAM; Best-in-class security and exceptional reliability

According to certain embodiments, the carrier signal is generated using the disciplined frequency generated by the disciplined clock.


The 50 baud data stream is aligned with the C/A code transitions so that the arrival time of a data bit edge (on a 20 millisecond interval) resolves the absolute transmission time to the nearest 20 milliseconds. Receiving unit 204 detects the data transmitted by one or more transmitting units 202 based on the unique PRBS code included in each broadcast signal.

According to certain embodiments, one or more carrier signals are generated to carry the composed message containing timing information. In some embodiments, timing information provided by receiving units 204 may be in addition to GNSS-based timing information. Receivers located at critical infrastructure locations receive the FM radio signals from one or more transmitters and extract synchronized timing information.

Banking communications networks must maintain timing synchronization of data encryption and decryption equipment and for high speed transactions. In any of the embodiments the message may further include information based on a location of the device. TWFTFT module 806 generates timing and frequency reference information, for example a 1 pps timing reference and 10 MHz frequency reference, and transmits this information to transmitter 802.

The generated timing information is converted into a radio frequency signal and then transmitted to the end-user systems and devices. According to certain embodiments, a processor may be a general purpose processor or it may be specially selected for performing the below functions. Formats of GNSS messages are known in the art and briefly summarized above with respect to GPS. According to certain embodiments, processor 404 may select the synchronized timing source (FM signals or GNSS signals) based on a detected error in the received radio signal data or the GNSS receiver data in various ways. In some embodiments, receiving unit 204 uses the multiple received messages to first determine its position relative to one or more transmitting units 202 and once that has been determined, uses messages from only one transmitting unit 202 to determine the synchronized timing information. PO Box 1390, Scottsdale, AZ 85252 USA, (480) 941-6300, Fax: (480) 947-1503

The reference timing may be in the form of a pulse-per-second (pps), for example 1 pps, and the reference frequency may be 1, 2.5, 5, 10, 15, or 20 MHz.

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At step 706, determines synchronized time information is determined based on the extracted time information.

In certain embodiments, receiving device 400 communicates timing information via an internet protocol network. Monitor and control unit 212 may also manage distribution of encryption keys allowing for frequent key changes to improve security. For example, the signal broadcast by transmitting unit 202 may be receivable up to 150 kilometers away.

In any of the embodiments the receiving device may include a second receiver configured to receive a GNSS signal and determine a GNSS time information from the GNSS signal, and may further include instructions for detecting one or more errors in the radio signal and the GNSS signal, and generating the timing signal based at least partially on the second time information when a GNSS signal error is detected and at least partially on the GNSS time information when a radio signal error is detected. The radio signals are broadcast from one or more transmitters distributed throughout a geographic area.
h�b```f`` In some embodiments, a navigation message, which may include transmitter location, clock corrections, time-of-week information, information about other transmitters, and other system parameters, is extracted from the despread signal.

Transmitter 802 broadcasts timing information based on the received reference information in the manners discussed above. Each millisecond of GPS satellite time can be time tagged by extracting the week number and time of week count from the standard GPS navigation message.

In certain embodiments, transmitter 406 transmits over fiber optic cable by converting the electrical radio signals generated by signal generator 418 to optical radio signals, via electrical-to-optical (E/O) converters. For example, processor 404 may generate 1 pps timing information synchronized to the time standard based on the start time of a received 1 pps timing signal and 10 MHz frequency information also synchronized to the time standard by disciplining an on-board clock, such as clock 408. In certain embodiments, almanac information may be included in a message composed by processor 304 to provide calibration information to receivers. This device may be specially constructed for the required purposes, or it may comprise a general-purpose computer selectively activated or reconfigured by a computer program stored in the computer. Receiving unit 204 may use the multiple received messages to generate accurate timing information when receiving unit 204 does not know its own location relative to transmitting units 202. In certain embodiments, TWFTFT module 322 generates a 10 MHz reference frequency and 1 pps reference timing synchronized to UTC. Transmitting device 300 includes receiver 302, processor 304, transmitter 306, and memory 308. According to certain embodiments, a processor may be a general purpose processor or it may be specially selected for performing the below functions.


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