As part of the initiative on prioritizing Cochrane review topics to reduce the know-do gap in low middle income countries, a survey was conducted to review, evaluate and compare the current methods and processes of prioritisation across the Cochrane Collaboration. History of the Cochrane Bone, Joint and Muscle Trauma Group. A capture-recapture analysis demonstrated that randomized controlled trials evaluating the impact of diagnostic tests on patient outcomes are rare. Open feedback form USA.gov. Authors familiar with previous editions will find it valuable to re-read this extensively updated version and any chapter of interest. Evidence-based medicine (EBM) is an approach to decision making on the basis of the reliable and up to date best evidence. The Cochrane Collaboration was founded in 1993 under the leadership of Iain Chalmers. The aim is to provide improved data for use in evidence-based medicine and for setting clinical practice guidelines. Cochrane collaboration: ( kok'răn ), a worldwide network of clinical epidemiologists who review and publish results of randomized controlled trials. Ker K, Roberts I, Shakur H, Coats TJ. Bero L. More journals should have conflict of interest policies as strict as Cochrane: BMJ Opinion; 2018. https://blogs.bmj.com/bmj/2018/11/12/lisa-bero-more-journals-should-have-conflict-of-interest-policies-as-strict-as-cochrane/. In October 1995, The Collaboration formed the Cochrane Consumer Network[7] to incorporate patient perspectives into the review process. Guideline: protecting, promoting and supporting breastfeeding in facilities providing maternity and newborn services Geneva: World Health Organization; 2017. https://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/guidelines/breastfeeding-facilities-maternity-newborn/en/, III.S1 Supplementary material: Considerations and recommendations for figures in Cochrane reviews: graphs of statistical data. Knowing what we are talking about: the CORE-Hom database on clinical research in homeopathy is an important advance. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. They do not co… However, this application is in its infancy, and systematic reviews of prognosis face challenges that have been overcome, or eased, for other reviews: lack of clarity in the indexing of these studies for bibliographic searches; low quality of primary studies; poor reporting; and difficulties in combining results across different research designs, analyses, and presentations of results (Cochrane Methods Prognosis 2019). Just as there are consequences arising from the choices we make about health and social care interventions, so too are there consequences when we choose the methods to use in systematic reviews.” (McKenzie et al 2015). Now simply referred to as ‘Cochrane’, over 25 years this collaboration has grown to 13,000 members and 50,000 supporters from more than 130 countries by 2018, making it the largest organization involved in this kind of work. The 29 meta-analyses reviewed an aggregate of 509 randomized controlled trials (RCTs). NIH [Archie Cochrane--the man behind evidence-based medicine. Find NCBI SARS-CoV-2 literature, sequence, and clinical content: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sars-cov-2/. With this in mind, the guidance in this Handbook has been written by authors who are international leaders in their fields, many of whom are supported by the work of Cochrane Methods Groups, and where available it draws on research evidence including that brought together in Cochrane Methodology Reviews. Scott Med J.  |  While Cochrane was one of the earliest organizations to produce and publish systematic reviews, many organizations and journals now do so. The goal of the collaboration is to help people make well informed decisions about health care by preparing, maintaining and ensuring the accessibility of systematic reviews of the effects of health care interventions. As McKenzie and colleagues wrote, “Our confidence in the findings of systematic reviews rests on the evidence base underpinning the methods we use.

There are many examples of the impact of Cochrane Reviews on health and social care. Cochrane, previously known as the Cochrane Collaboration, was founded in 1993 under the leadership of Iain Chalmers. Why do we need evidence. Prognosis studies can provide information on the likelihood of a particular outcome or of disease recurrence; identify target groups for intervention; or identify factors associated with poor outcomes (Cochrane Methods Prognosis 2019). It was developed in response to Archie Cochrane's call for up-to-date, systematic reviews of all relevant randomised controlled trials in the field of healthcare. The landscape in which systematic reviews are conducted continues to evolve. Jefferson T, Jones MA, Doshi P, Del Mar CB, Hama R, Thompson MJ, Spencer EA, Onakpoya I, Mahtani KR, Nunan D, Howick J, Heneghan CJ.

2020 Jul 8;20(1):328. doi: 10.1186/s12872-020-01598-8. The Musculoskeletal Injuries Group (CMSIG) was originally established as a subgroup affiliated to the Musculoskeletal Group following an exploratory meeting on 22nd February 1995. NLM Guidance on the contents of a Cochrane Methodology protocol and review is available at handbook.cochrane.org. Cochrane's suggestion that the methods used to prepare and maintain reviews of controlled trials in pregnancy and childbirth should be applied more widely was taken up by the Research and Development Programme, initiated to support the United Kingdom's National Health Service. 2005 Aug;59 Suppl 1:S147-9; discussion S195-6. The Cochrane Collaboration involves more than 10,000 people, worldwide. Cochrane has published systematic reviews of diagnostic test accuracy (DTA) since 2008 (Leeflang et al 2013). The Cochrane Library (named after Archie Cochrane) is a collection of databases in medicine and other healthcare specialties provided by Cochrane and other organizations.

by applying advances in methodology, developing systems for quality improvement, and being open and responsive to criticism. Overviews are aimed at decision makers, such as clinicians, policy makers, or informed consumers, and can address questions and sets of options that are often too broad for a single review. 2014 Oct;103(4):217-8. doi: 10.1016/j.homp.2014.09.002.

In January 2005 external funding was obtained (from April 1 2005 for four years), conditional on the Group changing its name. HHS Updated guidance on assessing the risk of bias due to missing results (reporting biases, New guidance addressing intervention complexity (. COVID-19 is an emerging, rapidly evolving situation. Trial Forge Guidance 1: what is a Study Within A Trial (SWAT)? The Cochrane Collaboration was founded in 1993, following a meeting of an initial group of 77 people from nine countries at the first Cochrane Colloquium in Oxford, UK. The Cochrane Collaboration develops and publishes systematic reviews on medical and diagnostic procedures. In addition to bibliographic details (author, title, source, year, etc) CENTRAL records often include an abstract (a summary of the article). McKenzie JE, Clarke MJ, Chandler J. For most authors, this will be their primary point of contact with Cochrane (see Chapter II, Section II.1). Full details of the methodology are described in a separate Cochrane Handbook for Diagnostic Test Accuracy Reviews. We also thank Ruth Foxlee and Clare Davenport for their contributions. Epidemiology.

A database comprising a register of virtually all controlled trials in perinatal medicine was established in the early 1980's at the National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit (NPEU) at Oxford, England by Iain Chalmers, then Director. They provide an evidence base for the methods of these evaluations, as well as providing descriptive accounts of other relevant issues, for example, to show the scale of problems faced by researchers working on systematic reviews or making decisions about health and social care. Ren YS, Li LF, Peng T, Tan YJ, Sun Y, Cheng GL, Zhang GM, Li J. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. He died four years before the concept was coined]. Because no systematic review of these trials had been published until 1989, most obstetricians had not realised that the treatment was so effective and therefore many premature babies have probably suffered or died unnecessarily.[4]. Work on a handbook to support authors of Cochrane Reviews began in 1993, and the first version was published in May 1994. At its core is the collection of Cochrane Reviews, a… …   Wikipedia, Cochrane-Zentrum — Die Cochrane Collaboration (Aussprache: kokrən) ist ein weltweites Netz von Wissenschaftlern und Ärzten. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2014; 4: CD008965. Neuraminidase inhibitors for preventing and treating influenza in healthy adults and children. WHO. Guideline: protecting, promoting and supporting breastfeeding in facilities providing maternity and newborn services Geneva: World Health Organization; 2017. https://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/guidelines/breastfeeding-facilities-maternity-newborn/en/. The information was, however, seldom reflected in the meta-analyses. Please refer to handbook.cochrane.org for the most recent online version, interim updates to the guidance and details of previous versions of the Handbook. Trusted evidence. Lakartidningen. Old and emerging challenges continue to spark debate, research and innovation. Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions, I.2.1 The evidence for Cochrane methodology, I.2.2.1 Reviews of the effects of interventions, ‘Studies Within A Trial’ (SWAT) and ‘Studies Within A Review’ (SWAR). Neuraminidase inhibitors for preventing and treating influenza in healthy adults and children. Other reviews of anti-arrhythmic drugs for atrial fibrillation (Lafuente-Lafuente et al 2015) and neuraminidase inhibitors for influenza (Jefferson et al 2014) have raised important doubts about the effectiveness of interventions in common use. History of the Cochrane Bone, Joint and Muscle Trauma Group. Cochrane Japan was promoted to a center under the direct control of the Cochrane Headquarters in 2017. The Handbook is updated regularly to reflect advances in systematic review methodology and in response to feedback from users. Roberts D, Brown J, Medley N, Dalziel SR. Antenatal corticosteroids for accelerating fetal lung maturation for women at risk of preterm birth. The remarkable Archie: origins of the Cochrane Collaboration. Alongside consideration of appropriate ways to prioritize work, technology is also supporting more efficient approaches to keeping reviews up to date, with some reviews moving towards a ‘living’ systematic review model of very frequent, even continuous updates. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2015; 3: CD005049. The principles of the Cochrane Collaboration are: A 2011 study done to disclose possible conflicts of interests in underlying research studies used for medical meta-analyses reviewed 29 meta-analyses and found that conflicts of interests in the studies underlying the meta-analyses were rarely disclosed.

Ker K, Roberts I, Shakur H, Coats TJ.

1. Medicines for the year 2000. These reviews evaluate how correctly a test detects the presence or absence of a target condition. WHO. Most do not receive a payment for their Cochrane work as they are committed to its purpose. HHS Lafuente-Lafuente C, Valembois L, Bergmann JF, Belmin J. Antiarrhythmics for maintaining sinus rhythm after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation. Cancer Res Treat. Shortly thereafter, new 'plain language summaries' provided users with a jargon-free synopsis of each systematic review.[8]. Acknowledgements: We thank previous chapter authors Sally Green, Philip Alderson, Cynthia Mulrow and Andrew Oxman on whose text this version is based. USA.gov. Trials 2018; 19: 139. WHO. His challenge led to the establishment during the 1980s of an international collaboration to develop the Oxford Database of Perinatal Trials.



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