Wang H, Zhao L, Liu H, Luo S, Akinyemiju T, Hwang S, Wei Q.

Lowe LC, Guy M, Mansi JL, Peckitt C, Bliss J, Wilson RG, Colston KW: Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations, vitamin D receptor genotype and breast cancer risk in a UK Caucasian population. USA.gov. Edited by: Harris JR, Lippman ME, Morrow M, et al. 2006, 354: 684-696.

Freedman DM, Chang SC, Falk RT, Purdue MP, Huang WY, McCarty CA, Hollis BW, Graubard BI, Berg CD, Ziegler RG: Serum levels of vitamin D metabolites and breast cancer risk in the prostate, lung, colorectal, and ovarian cancer screening trial. Cookies policy.

The results of these studies have been mixed. Terms and Conditions, These results should not be simply extrapolated to a 'more is better' concept since an observational study has suggested a U-shaped curve with lowest mortality risk at moderate 25(OH)D levels and increased mortality risk at both low and high levels of 25(OH)D [75]. Google Scholar.

10.1016/j.annepidem.2009.03.021. Cochrane Database Syst Rev.

For breast cancer survivors, Vitamin D supplementation was associated with decreased risk of recurrence among estrogen receptor positive (ER+), but not estrogen receptor negative (ER-) tumors in the Harvard breast cancer pooling project.

Correlates of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and breast cancer stage in the Women's Healthy Eating and Living Study. The original question and answer were generously donated by Diana Dyer, MS, RD a cancer survivor, registered dietitian, organic garlic farmer, and the author of "A Dietitian's Cancer Story: Information & Inspiration for Recovery & Healing from a 3-time Cancer Survivor.

Osteoporos Int.

2011, 96: 53-58. Concentration of 25(OH)D is a generally accepted biomarker for determining vitamin D status [31], and studies of 25(OH)D and breast cancer incidence also provide mixed results.

An excellent resource on vitamin D facts can be found online at the Office of Dietary Supplements. Before routine clinical application of any strategies targeting vitamin D status for breast cancer prevention or therapy are undertaken, the limitations of the current evidence should be considered. 1999, 82: 315-321. Background: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. These studies did not look directly at vitamin D levels in the blood, but instead had women report their use of vitamin D supplements.

2005, 41: 1164-1196. 2017 Apr 11;116(8):1092-1110. doi: 10.1038/bjc.2017.44. Jackson RD, LaCroix AZ, Gass M, Wallace RB, Robbins J, Lewis CE, Bassford T, Beresford SA, Black HR, Blanchette P, Bonds DE, Brunner RL, Brzyski RG, Caan B, Cauley JA, Chlebowski RT, Cummings SR, Granek I, Hays J, Heiss G, Hendrix SL, Howard BV, Hsia J, Hubbell FA, Johnson KC, Judd H, Kotchen JM, Kuller LH, Langer RD, Lasser NL, et al: Calcium plus vitamin D supplementation and the risk of fractures. Article 

Launay-Vacher V, Gligorov J, Le Tourneau C, Janus N, Spano JP, Ray-Coquard I, Oudard S, Pourrat X, Morere JF, Deray G, Beuzeboc P, Renal Insufficiency and Anticancer Medications Study Group: Prevalence of renal insufficiency in breast cancer patients and related pharmacological issues.

Int J Cancer.

Current evidence is sufficient to support further study of factors influencing 25(OH)D levels, associations between 25(OH)D levels and breast cancer in premenopausal and Black women, moderate dose (≤2,000 IU D3/day) supplemental vitamin D use and breast cancer incidence, and observational studies evaluating whether a threshold higher 25(OH)D level is associated with adverse clinical outcome in women with breast cancer. One other clinical trial has evaluated calcium plus vitamin D influence on cancer risk in a smaller study using a larger vitamin D dose. Int J Cancer.

Vitamin D and total mortality in a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Cancer Prev Res (Phila). Breast Cancer Res 13, 217 (2011). Am J Cancer Res. One is the EPIC study – the European Prospective Investigation of Cancer and Nutrition study.

Freedman DM, Looker AC, Abnet CC, Linet MS, Graubard BI: Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and cancer mortality in the NHANES III study (1988- 2006). No association for any source of intake and overall recurrence of breast cancer was observed; however, among premenopausal women, there was a significant inverse association between dietary intake of vitamin D and breast cancer recurrence, with hazard ratios (95% CIs) of 1.72 (1.08, 2.74) and 1.31 (0.81, 2.11) for the first and second tertiles, respectively (P for trend < 0.02), compared with the highest …

Inverse associations have also been shown between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level (25(OH)D) and breast cancer development, risk for breast cancer recurrence, and mortality in women with early-stage breast cancer. Potischman N, Swanson CA, Coates RJ, Gammon MD, Brogan DR, Curtin J, Brinton LA: Intake of food groups and associated micronutrients in relation to risk of early-stage breast cancer. Inverse associations have also been shown between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level (25(OH)D) and breast cancer development, risk for breast cancer recurrence, and mortality in women with early-stage breast cancer.

PubMed  10.1007/s10552-007-9020-x.

Against this background, reports examining vitamin D intake, 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and breast cancer incidence and outcome were reviewed.

In one study, vitamin D exposure mainly early in life (ages 10 to 19, based on outdoor activities) was strongly related to subsequent breast cancer risk (low to high quartile, odds ratio = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.50 to 0.85) [17]. No additional benefit (reduction in risk) for women with vitamin D blood levels above 35 ng/mL.

Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D and the risk of breast cancer in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition: a nested case-control study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 1999, 8: 399-406. Vitamin d deficiency in postmenopausal breast cancer survivors. A subsequent analysis suggested lower mortality when vitamin D was given with calcium supplementation [74].

J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol.

A prospective cohort study design (n = 3085) was used to evaluate the relation between dietary, supplemental, and total vitamin D intake and recurrent breast cancer, and a nested case-control study with 512 matched pairs was used for analysis of the association between 25(OH)D and breast cancer recurrence.



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